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1.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(3): 398-404, jun. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1126178

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: Las masas congénitas de cabeza y cuello se asocian a asfixia perinatal e injuria cerebral con elevada mortalidad. La técnica EXIT (Ex Útero Intrapartum Treatment) consiste en asegurar la vía aérea del neonato, sin interrumpir la oxigenación y perfusión materno-fetal a través del soporte placentario. Esta técnica no ha sido estandarizada en países de medianos ingresos. Objetivo: Describir el caso clínico de 2 neonatos manejados mediante la técnica EXIT. Caso Clínico: Se reportan dos casos, uno con malformación linfática diagnosticada a la semana 20 gestación y el segundo con tiromegalia y polihidramnios diagnosticados a la semana 35 de gestación. En ambos casos, duran te la cesárea se realizó la técnica EXIT con un equipo conformado por neonatólogo, ginecólogo, anestesiólogo, cirujano pediatra, otorrinolaringólogo, enfermero y terapeuta respiratorio. En los dos pacientes se logró asegurar la vía aérea mediante intubación orotraqueal al primer intento. En el caso 1 se confirmó la malformación linfática y recibió escleroterapia, y en el caso 2 se diagnosticó hipotiroidismo congénito asociado a bocio, que fue manejado con levotiroxina. Los pacientes se mantuvieron 7 y 9 días con ventilación mecánica invasiva respectivamente y egresaron sin complicaciones respiratorias. Conclusiones: La técnica EXIT en estos casos fue un procedimiento seguro, llevado a cabo sin inconvenientes. Se necesita un equipo multidisciplinario y la disponibilidad de una unidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales, con el objetivo de reducir potenciales complica ciones y garantizar el manejo postnatal. Para lograr su ejecución, es indispensable el diagnóstico prenatal oportuno.


Abstract: Introduction: Congenital head and neck masses are associated with perinatal asphyxia and brain injury, increasing the risk of death. The EXIT (Ex Utero Intrapartum Treatment) technique con sists of ensuring the newborn's airway while is still receiving placental support. This technique has not been standardized in developing countries. Objective: To describe the clinical outcomes of two infants who underwent the EXIT technique. Clinical Case: We present two cases, one with lymphatic malformation diagnosed at 20 weeks of gestational age (WGE) and the second one, a preterm newborn with thyromegaly and polyhydramnios, diagnosed at 35 WGE. In both cases, during the C-section, the EXIT technique was performed with a team of a neonatologist, a gyne cologist, an anesthesiologist, a pediatric surgeon, an otolaryngologist, a nurse, and a respiratory therapist. In both patients, the neonatologist achieved to secure the airway through orotracheal intubation at the first attempt. In the first case, lymphatic malformation was confirmed and re ceived sclerotherapy, and the second one was diagnosed with congenital hypothyroidism which was managed with levothyroxine. The patients needed invasive mechanical ventilation for 7 and 9 days, respectively, and were discharged without respiratory complications. Conclusions: In these patients, the EXIT technique was a safe procedure, carried out without inconvenience. A multi disciplinary approach and the availability of a neonatal intensive care unit are needed to reduce potential complications and ensure postnatal management. Timely prenatal diagnosis is essential to perform this technique.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Thyroid Gland/pathology , Cesarean Section , Perinatal Care/methods , Congenital Hypothyroidism/therapy , Lymphatic Abnormalities/therapy , Airway Management/methods , Prenatal Diagnosis , Colombia , Congenital Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Congenital Hypothyroidism/pathology , Lymphatic Abnormalities/diagnosis , Tertiary Care Centers , Hypertrophy/diagnosis , Hypertrophy/therapy , Neck
2.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 73(2): 145-147, abr. 2013. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-694755

ABSTRACT

La ubicación anatómica de la glándula tiroidea y su biosíntesis hormonal están reguladas por la expresión de ciertos genes, cuya alteración puede conducir a las denominadas disgenesias tiroideas: agenesia, ectopía e hipoplasia, así como a las variantes dishormonogenéticas. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con retraso mental y diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo realizado en la edad adulta. Las determinaciones bioquímicas confirmaron el diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo no autoinmune. Este caso representa la evolución prolongada de una hipofunción tiroidea, que cursó en forma solapada y no diagnosticada durante 53 años de vida, con secuelas relevantes de esta deficiencia al momento del diagnóstico. La terapia exógena logró mejorías evidentes en la signo sintomatología, pero no revirtió el presunto daño neurológico atribuible a la falta de hormona tiroidea necesaria durante el desarrollo fetal. En la necropsia realizada se encontró escaso tejido tiroideo cervical correspondiente a hipoplasia tiroidea eutópica. El hallazgo de un remanente tiroideo menor a 1 cm permite explicar la supervivencia de la paciente hasta una edad avanzada.


The anatomical location of the thyroid gland and its hormone byosinthesis are regulated by the expression of certain genes, whose disruption leads to the so-called thyroid dysgenesis: agenesis, ectopia and hypoplasia, and to dyshormonogenesis. We present the case of a patient with mental retardation and hypothyroidism whose diagnosis was made in adulthood. Biochemical determinations confirmed the diagnosis without evidence of thyroid autoimmunity. This patient represents the extended evolution of a thyroid hypofunction, which lasted in an unsuspected way for 53 years, with important consequences of this deficiency at diagnosis. Exogenous therapy achieved great improvement in clinical symptoms, but did not reverse the neurological damage attributable to the lack of thyroid hormone necessary for fetal development. The necropsy revealed little thyroid tissue in the neck corresponding to eutopic thyroid hypoplasia. The discovery of a remaining thyroid of less than 1 cm justified the patient survival up to old age.


Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Congenital Hypothyroidism/etiology , Thyroid Dysgenesis/complications , Congenital Hypothyroidism/drug therapy , Congenital Hypothyroidism/pathology , Delayed Diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Intellectual Disability/etiology , Thyroid Dysgenesis/drug therapy , Thyroid Dysgenesis/pathology , Thyroxine/therapeutic use
4.
Rev. cuba. hig. epidemiol ; 46(2)mayo-sept. 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-515726

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: proporcionar información a los profesionales de la salud en relación con aspectos generales del yodo en el organismo, su función fisiológica, aspectos históricos y geoecológicos relacionados con su deficiencia, la panorámica mundial y nacional. Desarrollo: se realizó una revisión actualizada de la literatura nacional e internacional, con énfasis en la magnitud y severidad de la deficiencia de yodo, repercusión a la salud, situación mundial y nacional. Conclusiones: se evidencia la importancia del monitoreo sistemático del yodo en la sal, la excreción urinaria y las encuestas sobre el consumo de sal yodada, como indicadores apropiados para diagnosticar y monitorear la nutrición de yodo en las poblaciones y en la evaluación de programas.


Aim: to give information to the health professionals about general aspects of iodine in the organism, its physiological function, the historical and geoecological aspects related to its deficiency, and the world and national panorama. Development: an updated review of the national and international literature was made, emphasizing the magnitude and severity of this type of deficiency, its impact on health, and the world and national situation. Conclusions: it was evidenced the significance of the systematic monitoring of iodine in salt, the urinary excretion, and the surveys on iodized salt consumption, as suitable indicators to diagnose and control iodine nutrition in populations and in the evaluation of programs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Goiter/pathology , Congenital Hypothyroidism/pathology , Iodine
5.
Acta méd. (Porto Alegre) ; 25: 708-716, 2004.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-414604

ABSTRACT

O hipotireoidismo congênito é a deficiência parcial ou completa dos hormônios tireóideos presente ao nascimento. Sua prevalência é de um para cada quatro mil nascidos vivos e é apontada como a maior causa de retardo mental prevenível em todo o mundo. Devido ao seu quadro clínico extremamente variável, é de suma importância a realização de exames de rastreamento neonatal. O diagnóstico precoce e a rápida instituição de reposição hormonal são cruciais ao adequado desenvolvimento e crescimento dos indivíduos acometidos


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Congenital Hypothyroidism/congenital , Congenital Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Congenital Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Congenital Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Congenital Hypothyroidism/genetics , Congenital Hypothyroidism/pathology , Congenital Hypothyroidism/therapy , Early Diagnosis , Hypothyroidism/congenital , Hypothyroidism/diagnosis , Hypothyroidism/epidemiology , Hypothyroidism/physiopathology , Hypothyroidism/genetics , Hypothyroidism/pathology , Hypothyroidism/therapy , Myxedema , Thyroid Diseases
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